DBMS > etcd vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A distributed reliable key-value store

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.64
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#231	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.48
Rank	#260	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/google/leveldb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

rdf4j.org

www.sequoiadb.com

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Initial release

2011

1989

2004

2013

Current release

3.4, August 2019

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

proprietary protocol using JSON

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

JavaScript

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Document is locked during a transaction

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

simple password-based access control

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