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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Tarantool vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Oracle Coherence vs. Tarantool vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Coherence  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptOracles in-memory data grid solutionIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.32
Rank#290  Overall
#132  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#131  Overall
#22  Key-value stores
Score1.67
Rank#150  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#69  Relational DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.oracle.com/­java/­coherencewww.tarantool.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddocs.oracle.com/­en/­middleware/­standalone/­coherencewww.tarantool.io/­en/­docdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleGoogleOracleVKOpenLink Software
Initial release20112014200720081998
Current release1.23, February 20212.1.12, February 201714.1, August 20232.10.0, May 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool EnterpriseOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaScriptJavaC and C++C
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariAll OS with a Java VMBSD
Linux
macOS
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoFull-featured ANSI SQL supportyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJCache
JPA
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocolADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
JavaScript.Net
C++
Java
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoLua, C and SQL stored proceduresyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyes infoLive Eventsyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneShardingSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenoneyes, with selectable consistency levelAsynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Casual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDconfigurableACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes, cooperative multitaskingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infooptionallyyes, write ahead loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByesyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistenceyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonoauthentification to access the cache via certificates or http basic authenticationAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
LevelDBLovefieldOracle CoherenceTarantoolVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
LevelDBLovefieldOracle CoherenceTarantoolVirtuoso
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