this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.37
Rank	#260	Overall
	#121	Relational DBMS

Score	24.95
Rank	#33	Overall
	#4	Key-value stores

Score	7.54
Rank	#58	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	55.09
Rank	#21	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Website

www.kingbase.com.cn

www.memcached.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

Technical documentation

bbs.kingbase.com.cn/chess_wenku-index.html

github.com/memcached/memcached/wiki

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

help.sap.com/hana

Developer

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Danga Interactive

originally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournal

Microsoft

SAP

Initial release

1999

2003

2019

2010

Current release

V8.0, August 2021

1.6.15, March 2022

cloud service with continuous releases

2.0 SPS05 (June 26, 2020), June 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD license

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Java

Server operating systems

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

hosted

Appliance or cloud-service

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Standard with numerous extensions

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

Proprietary protocol

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

SQLScript, R

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

Repcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallity

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

using SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocol

Azure Active Directory Authentication

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle. It has the following...
» more

Azure Data Explorer is a fast and highly scalable data exploration service for log...
» more

Competitive advantages

Complete database management platform with Integrated Development Environment Tool,...
» more

Kusto Query Language (innovative query language, optimized for high performance data...
» more

Typical application scenarios

New applications for transactional and mixed workloads that need to integrate with...
» more

IoT applications IoT devices generate billions of sensor readings. Normalizing and...
» more

Key customers

The main customers are: China National Petroleum Corporation China Petrochemical...
» more

Microsoft, DocuSign, Taboola, Bosch, Siemens Healthineers, Bühler, Ecolab, Zoomd
» more

Market metrics

At present, the main market is in China, but expansion to the international market...
» more

Azure Data Explorer is the data service for Azure Monitor, Azure Time Series Insights,...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Business license. Various sales modes: for example, sales by set, sales by CPU quantity,...
» more

An Azure Data Explorer cluster is a pair of engine and data management clusters which...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.