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DBMS > Ingres vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL vs. YugabyteDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.67
Rank#77  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Score1234.27
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score645.05
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score3.11
Rank#99  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.orgwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperActian CorporationOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerYugabyte Inc.
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2017
Current release11.2, May 202223c, September 202316.2, February 20242.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageCC and C++CC and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyesdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'nono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresOraclePostgreSQLYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsYugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantagesPostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosSystems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Market metrics2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
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Licensing and pricing modelsApache 2.0 license for the database
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IngresOraclePostgreSQLYugabyteDB
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