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DBMS > Ingres vs. Milvus vs. Trafodion vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Milvus vs. Trafodion vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWell established RDBMSA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMSVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSVector DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.67
Rank#77  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Score1.81
Rank#144  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score4.20
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresmilvus.iotrafodion.apache.orgvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperActian CorporationApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HPOpenLink Software
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201920141998
Current release11.2, May 20222.3.4, January 20242.3.0, February 20197.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus
Implementation languageCC++, GoC++, JavaC
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesVector, Numeric and Stringyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoJava Stored Proceduresyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryes, via HBaseChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia user defined functions and HBaseyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresMilvusTrafodionVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
IngresMilvusTrafodionVirtuoso
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