DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostGIS vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostGIS vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

A time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Spatial DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.67
Rank	#77	Overall
	#42	Relational DBMS

Score	29.85
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	23.90
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	4.87
Rank	#74	Overall
	#4	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

postgis.net

www.timescale.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

postgis.net/documentation

docs.timescale.com

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Timescale

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

2005

2017

Current release

11.2, May 2022

3.4.2, February 2024

2.13.0, November 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

numerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

yes

full PostgreSQL SQL syntax

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions

user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell

Triggers

yes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

based on PostgreSQL

yes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Source-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

yes

based on PostgreSQL

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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