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DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Microsofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.81
Rank#75  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score131.17
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score920.09
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­data-management/­ingres-sql-rdbmswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
DeveloperActian CorporationMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19921989
Current release11.2, May 20221902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++C++
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Windows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyes
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatornoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
IngresMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft SQL Server
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