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DBMS > Ingres vs. MariaDB vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. MariaDB vs. MySQL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Widely used open source RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.15
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score95.03
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score1101.50
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
www.mysql.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydev.mysql.com/­docwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperActian CorporationMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Oracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199519951989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release11.2, May 202211.3.2, February 20248.3.0, January 202416.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCC and C++C and C++C
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3yes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Shardinghorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresMariaDBMySQLPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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