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DBMS > Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionWell established RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.67
Rank#77  Overall
#42  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldbspark.apache.org/­sqltrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmltrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperActian CorporationGoogleApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s201120142014
Current release11.2, May 20221.23, February 20213.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20232.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++ScalaC++, Java
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenonono
Secondary indexesyesnonoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Java
Python
R
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnonoJava Stored Procedures
Triggersyesnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneyes, utilizing Spark CoreSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatornonenoneyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnonofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
IngresLevelDBSpark SQLTrafodion
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