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DBMS > Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.63
Rank#79  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.44
Rank#258  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreswww.kingbase.com.cnazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperActian CorporationBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Microsoft
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19992019
Current release12.0, July 2024V8.0, August 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC and Java
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesStandard with numerous extensionsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyhorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
IngresKingbaseMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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