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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. MarkLogic vs. Oracle vs. Stardog

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseWidely used RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score15.06
Rank#39  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.08
Rank#56  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#5  Search engines
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.marklogic.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.stardog.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.marklogic.comdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasedocs.stardog.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMarkLogic Corp.OracleStardog-Union
Initial release2013200119802010
Current release4.1.0, June 202211.0, December 202223c, September 20237.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C and C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesno infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoSQL92yes infowith proprietary extensionsYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
Triggersnoyesyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsno infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMarkLogicOracleStardog
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