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DBMS > Heroic vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Heroic vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionTime Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.57
Rank#250  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score0.45
Rank#265  Overall
#124  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­spotify/­heroicwww.kingbase.com.cngithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationspotify.github.io/­heroicgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperSpotifyBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.GoogleMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release20141999201120162012
Current releaseV8.0, August 20211.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC and JavaC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyes infovia Elasticsearchyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoStandard with numerous extensionsnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsHQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
Java
PHP
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsnoTransact SQLyes
Triggersnoyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesyesnoneyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
HeroicKingbaseLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTitan
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