DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. TinkerGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Widely used in-process key-value store

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	2.52
Rank	#114	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.12
Rank	#344	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

Initial release

2005

1989

1994

2009

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial license available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Windows

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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