DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. MySQL vs. OrientDB vs. Percona Server for MySQL

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. MySQL vs. OrientDB vs. Percona Server for MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Widely used open source RDBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Enhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	78.40
Rank	#15	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	1087.72
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	3.27
Rank	#97	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#15	Key-value stores

Score	2.21
Rank	#121	Overall
	#58	Relational DBMS

Website

www.h2database.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.mysql.com

orientdb.org

www.percona.com/software/mysql-database/percona-server

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

dev.mysql.com/doc

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-LATEST

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Microsoft

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Percona

Initial release

2005

2010

1995

2010

2008

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

V12

8.3.0, January 2024

3.2.29, March 2024

8.0.36-28, 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

GPL version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

Implementation language

Java

C++

C and C++

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Transact SQL

yes

proprietary syntax

Java, Javascript

yes

Triggers

yes

Hooks

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes, with always 3 replicas available

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.