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DBMS > H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog vs. Transbase

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB vs. Stardog vs. Transbase

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameH2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTransbase  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFull-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score8.22
Rank#50  Overall
#32  Relational DBMS
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score3.01
Rank#101  Overall
#17  Document stores
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.15
Rank#337  Overall
#147  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.h2database.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerravendb.netwww.stardog.comwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase.html
Technical documentationwww.h2database.com/­html/­main.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerravendb.net/­docsdocs.stardog.comwww.transaction.de/­en/­products/­transbase/­features.html
DeveloperThomas MuellerMicrosoftHibernating RhinosStardog-UnionTransaction Software GmbH
Initial release20052019201020101987
Current release2.2.220, July 2023cloud service with continuous releases5.4, July 20227.3.0, May 2020Transbase 8.3, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infodual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)commercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial infofree development license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC#JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (RQL)Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
Supported programming languagesJava.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava Stored Procedures and User-Defined FunctionsYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesWith clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a databaseyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACIDyes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
H2Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerRavenDBStardogTransbase
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