DBMS > H2 vs. HBase vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison H2 vs. HBase vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTable

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Wide column store

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	30.50
Rank	#26	Overall
	#2	Wide column stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.h2database.com

hbase.apache.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

hbase.apache.org/book.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Thomas Mueller

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Powerset

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2005

2008

2019

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

2.3.4, January 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix
Windows

using Cygwin

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free, schema definition possible

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

options to bring your own types, AVRO

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

Coprocessors in Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Single row ACID (across millions of columns)

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloudera's HBase PaaS offering now supports Complex Transactions
11 August 2021, Krishna Maheshwari (sponsor)

Why is Hadoop not listed in the DB-Engines Ranking?
13 May 2013, Paul Andlinger

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