DBMS > Greenplum vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. RavenDB vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Greenplum vs. LevelDB vs. Oracle vs. RavenDB vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Widely used RDBMS

Open Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document Database

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.37
Rank	#48	Overall
	#30	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	2.92
Rank	#101	Overall
	#18	Document stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

greenplum.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.oracle.com/database

ravendb.net

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

docs.greenplum.org

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.oracle.com/en/database

ravendb.net/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Pivotal Software Inc.

Google

Oracle

Hibernating Rhinos

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2005

2011

1980

2010

2004

Current release

7.0.0, September 2023

1.23, February 2021

23c, September 2023

5.4, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

AGPL version 3, commercial license available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

since Version 4.2

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language (RQL)

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

ACID, Cluster-wide transaction available

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Authorization levels configured per client per database

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