DBMS > Greenplum vs. Ingres vs. Nebula Graph vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison Greenplum vs. Ingres vs. Nebula Graph vs. Neo4j

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database

A logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.

Well established RDBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.33
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	6.19
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Score	1.08
Rank	#171	Overall
	#14	Graph DBMS

Score	59.35
Rank	#19	Overall
	#1	Graph DBMS

Website

greenplum.org

www.actian.com/data-management/ingres-sql-rdbms

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
nebula-graph.io

neo4j.com

Technical documentation

docs.greenplum.org

docs.actian.com/ingres

docs.nebula-graph.io

neo4j.com/docs

Developer

Pivotal Software Inc.

Actian Corporation

Vesoft Inc.

Neo4j, Inc.

Initial release

2005

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2019

2007

Current release

6.7.1, April 2020

11.0, April 2017

4.4.9, July 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

GPL version3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.

Implementation language

C++

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Can also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

schema-free and schema-optional

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

since Version 4.2

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

pluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

Browser interface
console (shell)
Proprietary native API
Query language nGQL

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM

Object Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

C++
Go
Java
Python

.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

User defined Procedures and Functions

Triggers

yes

via event handler

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

Sharding

yes using Neo4j Fabric

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Ingres Replicator

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

available in in Enterprise Version only

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Nebula Graph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more

Competitive advantages

Nebula Graph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more

Key customers

Currently we have some top internet companies in China implementing Nebula Graph...
» more

Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, Nebula Graph has already received 3.5k stars and thousands...
» more

Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Nebula Graph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license and Common Clause...
» more

GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more

News

Neo4j Graph Framework and Project Assessment
11 August 2022

How Graphs Power OpenSanctions: The 5-Minute Interview with Friedrich Lindenberg
10 August 2022

From Collected Data to Connected Data: How Knowledge Graphs Are Changing the World
5 August 2022

Empowering Employees With Graph Technology
1 August 2022

This Week in Neo4j: Graph Data Science, Microservices, Java, Chatbot, PHP, Spring Data, and More
30 July 2022

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.