DBMS > GraphDB vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.27
Rank	#110	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	51.00
Rank	#20	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	1.50
Rank	#136	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	2.88
Rank	#99	Overall
	#19	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#3	Native XML DBMS
	#50	Relational DBMS
	#3	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Score	0.87
Rank	#180	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Website

www.ontotext.com

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.stardog.com

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

help.sap.com/hana

docs.stardog.com

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

Ontotext

SAP

Stardog-Union

OpenLink Software

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2000

2010

1998

2017

Current release

9.6, February 2021

2.0 SPS05 (June 26, 2020), June 2020

7.3.0, May 2020

08.03.3316, March 2020

2.4, January 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

Named S4, Ontotext provides a semantic graph database based on GraphDB in the cloud.

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C and C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

SQLScript, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

Virtuoso PL

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

none

yes

Hash and Range Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

yes

Access rights for users and roles

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

GraphDB Enterprise is a high-performance semantic repository created by Ontotext....
» more

Stardog is an Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform, uniquely combining graph storage...
» more

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more

Gain Developer Agility Leverage full power of PostgreSQL-compatible SQL and distributed...
» more

Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Stardog provides a full featureset to aid in data integration for your complex data....
» more

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more

YugabyteDB is a distributed ACID-compliant database that brings together four must-have...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked open data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Stardog is frequently used for: Anti-money laundering & fraud monitoring Customer...
» more

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more

YugabyteDB is a good fit for fast-growing, cloud native applications that need to...
» more

Key customers

BBC, Press Association, Financial Times, DK, Euromoney, The British Museum, Getty...
» more

Bosch, Dow Jones, Elsevier, Ericsson, Morgan Stanley, NASA, NIH, Nokia, Salesforce,...
» more

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more

Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Stardog's technology is based on ground-breaking research by our founders cited 10,000+...
» more

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB-Free is free to use. SE and Enterprise are licensed per CPU-Core used. Perpetual...
» more

A fully-featured 60-day Trial license is available for those testing Stardog; contact...
» more

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

YugabyteDB is a 100% open source project licensed under the permissive Apache 2.0...
» more

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.