DBMS > GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Riak KV vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Riak KV vs. SAP HANA vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL Server

Distributed, fault tolerant key-value store

In-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud service

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

with links between data sets and object tags for the creation of secondary indexes

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.10
Rank	#100	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	78.40
Rank	#15	Overall
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	4.44
Rank	#80	Overall
	#9	Key-value stores

Score	45.84
Rank	#22	Overall
	#16	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

www.ontotext.com

azure.microsoft.com/en-us/products/azure-sql/database

www.sap.com/products/hana.html

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql

www.tiot.jp/riak-docs/riak/kv/latest

help.sap.com/hana

docs.stardog.com

Social network pages

Developer

Ontotext

Microsoft

OpenSource, formerly Basho Technologies

SAP

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2000

2010

2009

2010

Current release

10.4, October 2023

V12

3.2.0, December 2022

2.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2, commercial enterprise edition

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

also available as a cloud based service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Erlang

Java

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X

Appliance or cloud-service

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

restricted

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

HTTP API
Native Erlang Interface

JDBC
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

unofficial client library
C#
C++

unofficial client library
Clojure

unofficial client library
Dart

unofficial client library
Erlang
Go

unofficial client library
Groovy

unofficial client library
Haskell

unofficial client library
Java
JavaScript

unofficial client library
Lisp

unofficial client library
Perl

unofficial client library
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

unofficial client library
Smalltalk

unofficial client library

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

Transact SQL

Erlang

SQLScript, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

pre-commit hooks and post-commit hooks

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

no "single point of failure"

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes, with always 3 replicas available

selectable replication factor

yes

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

links between data sets can be stored

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes, using Riak Security

yes

Access rights for users and roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more

Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more

Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more

Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more

News

How Knowledge Graphs Power Data Mesh and Data Fabric
10 April 2024

Building Smarter Financial Services: The Role of Semantic Technologies, Knowledge Graphs and Generative AI
3 April 2024

Using GraphDB’s Natural Language Interface to Talk with Your Content
29 March 2024

Choosing A Graph Data Model to Best Serve Your Use Case
27 March 2024

Event Extraction Based on Fine-Tuned Text2Event Transformer Speeds up the Fact-checking Process
22 March 2024

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.