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DBMS > GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RDF4J vs. Stardog vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRDF storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score78.40
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score0.71
Rank#231  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score11.40
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserdf4j.orgwww.stardog.comwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrdf4j.org/­documentationdocs.stardog.comvertica.com/­documentation
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperOntotextMicrosoftSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Stardog-UnionOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20002010200420102005
Current release10.4, October 2023V127.3.0, May 202012.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentscommercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++JavaJavaC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyes infoRDF Schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServerFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQLyesuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyesyesyes infovia event handlersyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availablenoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameStardogVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Deploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Fast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Communication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
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Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Abiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Cost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more
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More resources
GraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameStardogVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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