DBMS > GraphDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. MariaDB vs. MongoDB vs. Weaviate

System Properties Comparison GraphDB vs. IBM Cloudant vs. MariaDB vs. MongoDB vs. Weaviate

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

MySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

An AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.10
Rank	#100	Overall
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#4	RDF stores

Score	2.73
Rank	#108	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	93.81
Rank	#13	Overall
	#9	Relational DBMS

Score	423.96
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Score	1.89
Rank	#138	Overall
	#4	Vector DBMS

Website

www.ontotext.com

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

mariadb.com

Site of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org

Site of MariaDB Foundation

www.mongodb.com

github.com/weaviate/weaviate
weaviate.io

Technical documentation

graphdb.ontotext.com/documentation

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

mariadb.com/kb/en/library

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

weaviate.io/developers/weaviate

Social network pages

Developer

Ontotext

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

MariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server)

The lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL

MongoDB, Inc

Weaviate B.V.

Initial release

2000

2010

2009

Fork of MySQL, which was first released in 1995

2009

2019

Current release

10.4, October 2023

11.3.2, February 2024

6.0.7, June 2023

1.19, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Some plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourced

commercial

Open Source

GPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription available

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

Open Source

commercial license available with Weaviate Enterprise

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

MongoDB Atlas: Global multi-cloud database with unmatched data distribution and mobility across AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud, built-in automation for resource and workload optimization, and so much more.

Implementation language

Java

Erlang

C and C++

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows

ColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapes

schema-free

yes

Dynamic columns are supported

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

yes, maps to GraphQL interface

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

yes

string, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy references

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexes

yes

all data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBC

yes

with proprietary extensions

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

GraphQL is used as query language

APIs and other access methods

GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

JavaScript / TypeScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

well-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibility

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

yes

PL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

several options for horizontal partitioning and Sharding

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Constraint checking

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

not for in-memory storage engine

yes

optional, enabled by default

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

with MEMORY storage engine

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

yes

User concepts

Access control

Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.

Access rights for users can be defined per database

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Ontotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
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Competitive advantages

GraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
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Typical application scenarios

Metadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
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Key customers

GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
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Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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All companies that have data.
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Market metrics

GraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
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Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
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Licensing and pricing models

GraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
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MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
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News

Scaling Understanding with the Help of Feedback Loops, Knowledge Graphs and NLP
19 April 2024

How Knowledge Graphs Power Data Mesh and Data Fabric
10 April 2024

Building Smarter Financial Services: The Role of Semantic Technologies, Knowledge Graphs and Generative AI
3 April 2024

Using GraphDB’s Natural Language Interface to Talk with Your Content
29 March 2024

Choosing A Graph Data Model to Best Serve Your Use Case
27 March 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.