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DBMS > Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Postgres-XL vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Postgres-XL vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data
Primary database modelGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.64
Rank#241  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score5.82
Rank#65  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score0.56
Rank#253  Overall
#115  Relational DBMS
Score125.38
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.postgres-xl.orgwww.snowflake.com
Technical documentationwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoftSnowflake Computing Inc.
Initial release2010201920102014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2014
Current releasecloud service with continuous releasesV1210 R1, October 2018
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoMIT LicensecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation language.NET and CC++C
Server operating systems.NEThostedhostedLinux
macOS
hosted
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityyes
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLuser defined functionsuser defined functions
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resources
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicehorizontal partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas availableyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID infoMVCCACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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More resources
Graph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzurePostgres-XLSnowflake
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