DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Milvus vs. RDF4J vs. searchxml

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Milvus vs. RDF4J vs. searchxml

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

DBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Vector DBMS

RDF store

Native XML DBMS
Search engine

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.89
Rank	#105	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Score	1.81
Rank	#144	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Score	0.71
Rank	#231	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.01
Rank	#386	Overall
	#7	Native XML DBMS
	#24	Search engines

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

milvus.io

rdf4j.org

www.searchxml.net/category/products

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.searchxml.net/support/handouts

Developer

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

informationpartners gmbh

Initial release

2017

2019

2004

2015

Current release

2.3.4, January 2024

1.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

C++, Go

Java

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java
PHP
Python

C++

most other programming languages supported via APIs

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

on the application server

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

none

yes

sychronisation to multiple collections

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

multiple readers, single writer

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Domain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application services

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

Google Improves Cloud Spanner: More Compute and Storage without Price Increase
14 October 2023, InfoQ.com

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11 October 2023, SiliconANGLE News

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11 October 2023, TechCrunch

Google Spanner: When Do You Need to Move to It?
11 September 2023, hackernoon.com

Google Cloud Spanner competes directly with Amazon DynamoDB
12 October 2023, Techzine Europe

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20 March 2024, GlobeNewswire

Zilliz Cloud boosts vector database performance
31 January 2024, InfoWorld

provided by Google News

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