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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. NebulaGraph vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score1.92
Rank#122  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
Score0.22
Rank#305  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#15  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
www.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.nebula-graph.iodocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftVesoft Inc.Oxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release2017201620192017
Current release6.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++C++
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesStrong typed schemayes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoTransact SQLuser defined functions
Triggersnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesCausal Clustering using Raft protocolreplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesRole-based access controlRoles, resources, and access types
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNebulaGraphRDFox
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseNebulaGraphRDFox
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