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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. TypeDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerTypeDB provides developers with an expressive, customizable type system to manage their data using an award-winning query language, TypeQL, while building on a high-performance, distributed architecture.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the graph database model.
Object oriented DBMS infoThe data model of TypeDB comprises object-oriented features such as class inheritance and interfaces.
Relational DBMS infoThe type-theoretic data model of TypeDB subsumes the relational database model.
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score4.15
Rank#70  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#8  Search engines
Score18.98
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#9  Object oriented DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticstypedb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticstypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftVaticle
Initial release2017200120162016
Current release11.0, December 20222.28.3, June 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92yesno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (IDE)
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
All JVM based languages
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptTransact SQLno
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningno
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyesSynchronous replication via raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsyesyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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