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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Operational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.56
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score4.24
Rank#64  Overall
#11  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#8  Search engines
Score22.94
Rank#26  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#2  Wide column stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.progress.com/­marklogicazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-db
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.progress.com/­marklogic/­documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-db
DeveloperGoogleMarkLogic Corp.Microsoft
Initial release201720012014
Current release11.0, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infoJSON types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by default
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infoSQL92SQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptJavaScript
TriggersnoyesJavaScript
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Role-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAccess rights can be defined down to the item level

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB
Recent citations in the news

Google Cloud Introduces HDD Tier for Spanner Database, Cutting Cold Storage Costs by 80%
22 March 2025, infoq.com

New features make Google's Spanner a database for AI
1 August 2024, TechTarget

Google Cloud adds graph and vector search features to Spanner database
2 August 2024, techzine.eu

Google Cloud adds graph processing to Spanner, SQL support to Bigtable
1 August 2024, InfoWorld

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4 January 2023, SiliconANGLE

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Microsoft Announces General Availability of Data API Builder for Azure Cosmos DB
6 July 2024, infoq.com

Microsoft’s new DocumentDB rethinks NoSQL on PostgreSQL
30 January 2025, InfoWorld

Crediclub saves 96% per month in audit processes and analyzes 150 meetings per hour with Azure
12 November 2024, Microsoft

Microsoft Announces Open-Source DocumentDB NoSQL Database
26 January 2025, Phoronix

Building Planet-Scale .NET Apps with Azure Cosmos DB
4 June 2024, Visual Studio Magazine

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