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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. TimesTen vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerAn in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score1.94
Rank#120  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score72.95
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.26
Rank#164  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score0.13
Rank#330  Overall
#45  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.lmdb.tech/­docdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.oracle.com/­en/­database/­other-databases/­timesten/­index.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleSymasMicrosoftOracle infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Juxt Ltd.
Initial release20172011201019982019
Current release0.9.32, January 2024V12Release 22.11.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++Clojure
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Unix
Windows
hostedIBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyesyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoTransact SQLPL/SQLno
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerLMDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureTimesTenXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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