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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. JanusGraph vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. JanusGraph vs. Oracle vs. RDF4J

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonJanusGraph infosuccessor of Titan  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters infoIt was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017Widely used RDBMSRDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMSRDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.37
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score2.04
Rank#135  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score0.72
Rank#234  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerjanusgraph.orgwww.oracle.com/­databaserdf4j.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.janusgraph.orgdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databaserdf4j.org/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleLinux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by AureliusOracleSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.
Initial release2017201719802004
Current release0.6.3, February 202323c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC and C++Java
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes infoRDF Schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes infowith proprietary extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Python
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleyes
Triggersnoyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes infodepending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)Sharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineno infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID infoIsolation support depends on the API used
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyesyes infoin-memory storage is supported as well
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Serverfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerJanusGraph infosuccessor of TitanOracleRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame
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