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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. mSQL vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Ingres vs. mSQL vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Well established RDBMSmSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.37
Rank#97  Overall
#50  Relational DBMS
Score5.15
Rank#74  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Score1.41
Rank#170  Overall
#78  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreshughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.actian.com/­ingreswww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleActian CorporationHughes TechnologiesPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20171974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s19941989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release11.2, May 20224.4, October 202116.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageCCC
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynonepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Ingres ReplicatornoneSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
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