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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. Heroic vs. LevelDB vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHeroic  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearchEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score0.57
Rank#250  Overall
#21  Time Series DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.24
Rank#309  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannergithub.com/­spotify/­heroicgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsspotify.github.io/­heroicgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleSpotifyGoogleOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release2017201420112017
Current release1.23, February 20216.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++
Server operating systemshostedIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyes infovia Elasticsearchno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nonono
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonono
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesnonereplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationnonoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noRoles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Google Cloud SpannerHeroicLevelDBRDFox
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