DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Milvus vs. searchxml

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. H2 vs. LevelDB vs. Milvus vs. searchxml

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searches

DBMS for structured and unstructured content wrapped with an application server

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Vector DBMS

Native XML DBMS
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.89
Rank	#105	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Score	8.22
Rank	#50	Overall
	#32	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.81
Rank	#144	Overall
	#5	Vector DBMS

Score	0.01
Rank	#386	Overall
	#7	Native XML DBMS
	#24	Search engines

Website

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.h2database.com

github.com/google/leveldb

milvus.io

www.searchxml.net/category/products

Technical documentation

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

milvus.io/docs/overview.md

www.searchxml.net/support/handouts

Developer

Google

Thomas Mueller

Google

informationpartners gmbh

Initial release

2017

2005

2011

2019

2015

Current release

2.2.220, July 2023

1.23, February 2021

2.3.4, January 2024

1.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for Milvus

Implementation language

Java

C++

C++, Go

C++

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

10.14 or later
Windows

with WSL 2 enabled

Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Vector, Numeric and String

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API
WebDAV
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C++

most other programming languages supported via APIs

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

yes

on the application server

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

none

yes

sychronisation to multiple collections

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

ACID

multiple readers, single writer

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role based access control and fine grained access rights

Domain, group and role-based access control at the document level and for application services

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Milvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more

Competitive advantages

Highly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more

Typical application scenarios

RAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more

Key customers

Milvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more

Market metrics

As of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations 3k+ enterprise...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Milvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Vector databases
2 June 2023, Matthias Gelbmann

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