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DBMS > Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Spanner vs. GraphDB vs. Hypertable vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServermSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score78.40
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score1.67
Rank#151  Overall
#70  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasehughestech.com.au/­products/­msql
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sql
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperGoogleOntotextHypertable Inc.MicrosoftHughes Technologies
Initial release20172000200920101994
Current release10.4, October 20230.9.8.11, March 2016V124.4, October 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availablecommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be provided
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C
Server operating systemshostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
hostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011stored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggers
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnowell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoTransact SQLno
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replicationselectable replication factor on file system levelyes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes infoConstraint checkingnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Default Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud SpannerGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHypertableMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzuremSQL infoMini SQL
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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