DBMS > Google Cloud Firestore vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Firestore vs. LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Sequoiadb vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Cloud Firestore is an auto-scaling document database for storing, syncing, and querying data for mobile and web apps. It offers seamless integration with other Firebase and Google Cloud Platform products.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

NewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQL

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Document store

Key-value store

RDF store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	8.96
Rank	#48	Overall
	#8	Document stores

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.71
Rank	#231	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.48
Rank	#260	Overall
	#41	Document stores
	#121	Relational DBMS

Score	2.05
Rank	#129	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

firebase.google.com/products/firestore

github.com/google/leveldb

rdf4j.org

www.sequoiadb.com

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

firebase.google.com/docs/firestore

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

www.sequoiadb.com/en/index.php?m=Files&a=index

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Sequoiadb Ltd.

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2017

2011

2004

2013

2010

Current release

1.23, February 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Server: AGPL; Client: Apache V2

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

oid, date, timestamp, binary, regex

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

Android
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

proprietary protocol using JSON

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
Python

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes, Firebase Rules & Cloud Functions

yes

JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes, with Cloud Functions

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

none

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Using Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Document is locked during a transaction

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management. Security Rules for 3rd party authentication using Firebase Auth.

simple password-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates
12 December 2019, Paul Andlinger

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