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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. PostgreSQL vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.36
Rank#72  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.postgresql.orgtypedb.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docstypedb.com/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGooglePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerVaticleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20081989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20162019
Current release16.3, May 20242.26.3, January 20241.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaClojure
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yes infostandard with numerous extensionsnolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App Engineuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoby using Cassandranone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using PaxosSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandrayes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesno infosubstituted by the relationship featureno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Google Cloud DatastorePostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named GraknXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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More resources
Google Cloud DatastorePostgreSQLTypeDB infoformerly named GraknXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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