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DBMS > Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. Oracle vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMSWidely used RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.87
Rank#78  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1101.50
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score634.91
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitecloud.google.com/­datastorewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mysql.comwww.oracle.com/­databasewww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdev.mysql.com/­docdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunOraclePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release20081989199519801989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 20228.3.0, January 202423c, September 202316.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availablecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageC++C and C++C and C++C
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes, details hereyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresusing Google App EngineTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoproprietary syntaxPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
TriggersCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL FabricSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication using Paxosyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownonono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

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Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.
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More resources
Google Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft SQL ServerMySQLOraclePostgreSQL
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