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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. VoltDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. VoltDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonVoltDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSDistributed In-Memory NewSQL RDBMS infoUsed for OLTP applications with a high frequency of relatively simple transactions, that can hold all their data in memory
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score15.06
Rank#39  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.87
Rank#78  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score845.81
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1.51
Rank#165  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­datastorewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.voltdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docslearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.voltdb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoftVoltDB Inc.
Initial release2013200819892010
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 202211.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoAGPL for Community Edition, commercial license for Enterprise, AWS, and Pro Editions
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java, C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Windows
Linux
OS X infofor development
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes infoonly a subset of SQL 99
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Java API
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C#
C++
Erlang infonot officially supported
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceusing Google App EngineTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaJava
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Engineyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using Paxosyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsyesno infoFOREIGN KEY constraints are not supported
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACID infoTransactions are executed single-threaded within stored procedures
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoData access is serialized by the server
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSnapshots and command logging
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers and roles with access to stored procedures

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft SQL ServerVoltDB
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