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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate vs. YottaDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparisonYottaDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.A fast and solid embedded Key-value store
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Vector DBMSKey-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infousing the Octo plugin
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.97
Rank#191  Overall
#32  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#87  Relational DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score1.48
Rank#149  Overall
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#309  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
yottadb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosoweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviateyottadb.com/­resources/­documentation
DeveloperFoundationDBOpenLink SoftwareWeaviate B.V.YottaDB, LLC
Initial release2013199820192001
Current release6.2.28, November 20207.2.11, September 20231.19, May 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate EnterpriseOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CGoC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes, maps to GraphQL interfaceschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy referencesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXGraphQL is used as query languageby using the Octo plugin
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
PostgreSQL wire protocol infousing the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyyes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnooptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBVirtuosoWeaviateYottaDB
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBVirtuosoWeaviateYottaDB
DB-Engines blog posts

Weaviate, an ANN Database with CRUD support
2 February 2021,  Etienne Dilocker, SeMI Technologies (sponsor) 

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