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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Oracle vs. OrientDB vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Oracle vs. OrientDB vs. SQLite vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Widely used RDBMSMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.50
Rank#166  Overall
#29  Document stores
#27  Key-value stores
#76  Relational DBMS
Score1221.06
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Score3.38
Rank#96  Overall
#17  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#15  Key-value stores
Score118.16
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.oracle.com/­databaseorientdb.orgwww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.oracle.com/­en/­databasewww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlwww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.com
DeveloperFoundationDBOracleOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPDwayne Richard HippStardog-Union
Initial release20131980201020002010
Current release6.2.28, November 202023c, September 20233.2.29, March 20243.45.2  (12 March 2024), March 20247.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C and C++JavaCJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)server-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columnsschema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")yes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language, no joinsyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlyPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possibleJava, Javascriptnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersnoyesHooksyesyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationnoneMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infocan be realized in PL/SQLno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyesyes inforelationship in graphsyesyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterizedACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infovia file-system locksyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurablenoAccess rights for users and roles

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