DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Tkrzw vs. Trino

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Tkrzw vs. Trino

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.07
Rank	#188	Overall
	#31	Document stores
	#28	Key-value stores
	#86	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.09
Rank	#354	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Score	5.10
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb

dbmx.net/tkrzw

trino.io

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

Social network pages

Developer

FoundationDB

Google

Mikio Hirabayashi

Trino Software Foundation

Initial release

2013

2011

2020

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

1.23, February 2021

0.9.3, August 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

depending on connected data-source

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C++
Java
Python
Ruby

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

depending on connected data-source

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

depending on connected data-source

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

depending on connected data-source

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using specific database classes

User concepts

Access control

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more

Competitive advantages

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
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Typical application scenarios

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
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Key customers

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more

Market metrics

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

News

A sneak peek of Trino Fest 2024
15 April 2024

Time travel in Delta Lake connector
11 April 2024

58: Understanding your users with Trino and Mitzu
4 April 2024

57: Seeing clearly with OpenTelemetry
14 March 2024

Blazing ahead with 22
13 March 2024

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

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More resources

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