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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. TiDB vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. TiDB vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.50
Rank#166  Overall
#29  Document stores
#27  Key-value stores
#76  Relational DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#100  Overall
#16  Key-value stores
Score0.50
Rank#264  Overall
#42  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score5.14
Rank#75  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.01
Rank#202  Overall
#19  Graph DBMS
#92  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.sequoiadb.compingcap.comtypedb.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stabletypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleSequoiadb Ltd.PingCAP, Inc.Vaticle
Initial release20132011201320162016
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.23, February 20217.6.0, January 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++C++C++Go, RustJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynoSQL-like query languageyesno
APIs and other access methodsproprietary protocol using JSONGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynoJavaScriptnono
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range)Sharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Multi-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infowith TiSpark Connectoryes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynonoyes infofull support since version 6.6no infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoDocument is locked during a transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnonosimple password-based access controlFine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBLevelDBSequoiadbTiDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
FoundationDBLevelDBSequoiadbTiDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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