DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. MonetDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LMDB vs. MonetDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.

Description

Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Primary database model

Document store

supported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

supported via specific SQL-layer

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.89
Rank	#197	Overall
	#32	Document stores
	#29	Key-value stores
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	1.75
Rank	#129	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores

Score	1.58
Rank	#139	Overall
	#62	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/apple/foundationdb

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

www.monetdb.org

Technical documentation

apple.github.io/foundationdb

www.lmdb.tech/doc

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

Developer

FoundationDB

Symas

MonetDB BV

Initial release

2013

2011

2004

Current release

6.2.28, November 2020

0.9.32, January 2024

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

some layers support schemas

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

some layers support typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

supported in specific SQL layer only

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript

Node.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

in SQL-layer only

yes, in SQL, C, R

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding via remote tables

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Linearizable consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

in SQL-layer only

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources

Recent citations in the news

Apple Acquires Durable Database Company FoundationDB
24 March 2015, TechCrunch

FoundationDB Record Layer: A Multi-Tenant Structured Datastore
25 July 2020, Apple Machine Learning Research

Apple-owned FoundationDB open sources the core technology at the heart of iCloud
19 April 2018, AppleInsider

FoundationDB team’s new venture, Antithesis, raises $47M to enhance software testing
13 February 2024, SiliconANGLE

IBM Cloudant pulls plan to fund new foundational layer for CouchDB
15 March 2022, theregister.com

provided by Google News

Pandas Can’t Handle This: How ArcticDB Powers Massive Datasets
12 February 2025, Towards Data Science

The Lightning Memory-mapped Database
2 March 2016, infoq.com

Threat Actors Exploit Multiple Vulnerabilities in Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure Gateways
29 February 2024, CISA (.gov)

Akamai launches managed database service
25 April 2022, Blocks and Files

Introducing Quicksilver: Configuration Distribution at Internet Scale
30 March 2020, The Cloudflare Blog

provided by Google News

PostgreSQL, MonetDB, and Too-Big-for-Memory Data in R — Part I
6 April 2018, Data Science Central

Using MonetDB for High-Performance Applications
27 April 2018, Open Source For You

Figure 1: MonetDB: a BAT Algebra Machine
7 September 2018, ResearchGate

Test of Time Award for paper on vectorized execution
16 January 2024, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)

In Memoriam Martin Kersten
12 July 2022, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)

provided by Google News

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