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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Sequoiadb vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonTiDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLTiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Key-value storeKey-value storeDocument store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score2.75
Rank#107  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.33
Rank#118  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score0.48
Rank#260  Overall
#41  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score4.94
Rank#72  Overall
#40  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.sequoiadb.compingcap.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.lmdb.tech/­docwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexdocs.pingcap.com/­tidb/­stable
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleSymasSequoiadb Ltd.PingCAP, Inc.
Initial release20132011201120132016
Current release6.2.28, November 20201.23, February 20210.9.32, January 20247.6.0, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen SourceOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.
Implementation languageC++C++CC++Go, Rust
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-freeschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingnoyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesnononoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlynonoSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsproprietary protocol using JSONGORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynonoJavaScriptno
Triggersnonononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnonenoneSource-replica replicationUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infowith TiSpark Connector
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlynononoyes infofull support since version 6.6
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnononosimple password-based access controlFine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBLevelDBLMDBSequoiadbTiDB
Specific characteristicsTiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more
Competitive advantages- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more
Typical application scenariosTiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
» more
Key customersBlock, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more
Market metrics34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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FoundationDBLevelDBLMDBSequoiadbTiDB
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