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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Stardog vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonWarp 10  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Database as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.50
Rank#166  Overall
#29  Document stores
#27  Key-value stores
#76  Relational DBMS
Score2.91
Rank#106  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.13
Rank#342  Overall
#32  Time Series DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasewww.stardog.comwww.warp10.io
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.stardog.comwww.warp10.io/­content/­02_Getting_started
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBOntotextMicrosoftStardog-UnionSenX
Initial release20132000201020102015
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 2023V127.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache License 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverno
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infoWarpScript
Triggersnonoyesyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnonenoneSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationyes, with always 3 replicas availableMulti-source replication in HA-Clusterselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency infobased on HBase
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesMandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureStardogWarp 10
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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