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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Stardog vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. GraphDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Stardog vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Enterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score3.10
Rank#100  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score22.71
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score2.05
Rank#129  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score3.11
Rank#99  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbwww.ontotext.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.stardog.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsdocs.stardog.comdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperFoundationDBOntotextMicrosoftStardog-UnionYugabyte Inc.
Initial release20132000201620102017
Current release6.2.28, November 202010.4, October 20237.3.0, May 20202.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedcommercialcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageC++JavaC++JavaC and C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportdepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesnoyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlystored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlywell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javayes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersnononoyes infovia event handlersyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningnoneHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replicationyesMulti-source replication in HA-ClusterBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoConstraint checkingno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.yesAccess rights for users and rolesyes
More information provided by the system vendor
FoundationDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseStardogYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more
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