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DBMS > FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Postgres-XL vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison FoundationDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Postgres-XL vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.07
Rank#188  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#86  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score0.52
Rank#256  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score19.15
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.postgres-xl.orgspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationapple.github.io/­foundationdbcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperFoundationDBGoogleApache Software Foundation
Initial release201320172014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB2014
Current release6.2.28, November 202010 R1, October 20183.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMozilla public licenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++CScala
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-free infosome layers support schemasyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateno infosome layers support typingyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionalityno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLsupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infodistributed, parallel query executionSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresin SQL-layer onlynouser defined functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioningyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemLinearizable consistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityin SQL-layer onlyyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infoMVCCno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno

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More resources
FoundationDBGoogle Cloud SpannerPostgres-XLSpark SQL
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