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DBMS > Firebird vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison Firebird vs. Hawkular Metrics vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebird  Xexclude from comparisonHawkular Metrics  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonOracle  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFirebird is an open source RDBMS forked from Borland's InterBaseHawkular metrics is the metric storage of the Red Hat sponsored Hawkular monitoring system. It is based on Cassandra.An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Microsofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS infowith Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS infosince Oracle 23
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score19.46
Rank#30  Overall
#18  Relational DBMS
Score0.01
Rank#377  Overall
#39  Time Series DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score807.76
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1286.59
Rank#1  Overall
#1  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.firebirdsql.orgwww.hawkular.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.oracle.com/­database
Technical documentationwww.firebirdsql.org/­en/­reference-manualswww.hawkular.org/­hawkular-metrics/­docs/­user-guidedocs.immudb.iolearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.oracle.com/­en/­database
DeveloperFirebird FoundationCommunity supported by Red HatCodenotaryMicrosoftOracle
Initial release2000 infoAs fork of Borland's InterBase2014202019891980
Current release5.0.1, August 20241.2.3, April 2022SQL Server 2022, November 202223c, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoInitial Developer's Public LicenseOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageC and C++JavaGoC++C and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
server-less infoFirebird Embedded Server
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeyesyes infoSchemaless in JSON and XML columns
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoSQL-like syntaxyesyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
C/C++ API
JDBC infoJaybird
ODBC
OLE DB
HTTP RESTgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Go
Java
Python
Ruby
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresPSQLnonoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) JavaPL/SQL infoalso stored procedures in Java possible
Triggersyesyes infovia Hawkular Alertingnoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infobased on CassandraShardingtables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationSharding, horizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replicationselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandrayes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono infocan be realized in PL/SQL
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID infoisolation level can be parameterized
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoFeatures a multi-generational MVCC architecture, readers do not block writersyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infoVersion 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization conceptnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
FirebirdHawkular MetricsImmudbMicrosoft SQL ServerOracle
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