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DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RethinkDB vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. RethinkDB vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization
Primary database modelDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score15.07
Rank#38  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score30.39
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score78.51
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score2.81
Rank#110  Overall
#20  Document stores
Score2.03
Rank#136  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitefirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaserethinkdb.comwww.stardog.com
Technical documentationfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databaselearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlrethinkdb.com/­docsdocs.stardog.com
DeveloperGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017Stardog-Union
Initial release20122014201020092010
Current releaseV122.4.1, August 20207.3.0, May 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemshostedhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono infoImport/export of XML data possible
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query languageyesnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server
APIs and other access methodsAndroid
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored procedureslimited functionality with using 'rules'JavaScriptTransact SQLuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java
TriggersCallbacks are triggered when data changesJavaScriptyesClient-side triggers through changefeedsyes infovia event handlers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding inforange basednone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, with always 3 replicas availableSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Cluster
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*noyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes inforelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datayesMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDAtomic single-document operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCC basedyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousers and table-level permissionsAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Firebase Realtime DatabaseMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureRethinkDBStardog
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