DBMS > Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL
System Properties Comparison Firebase Realtime Database vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL
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| Name | Firebase Realtime Database Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Access Xexclude from comparison | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB  former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data. | Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. The Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.) | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store | Relational DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database | www.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/access | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | firebase.google.com/docs/database | developer.microsoft.com/en-us/access | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | www.postgresql.org/docs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Google acquired by Google 2014 | Microsoft | Microsoft | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2012 | 1992 | 2014 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019 | 16.2, February 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | commercial Bundled with Microsoft Office | commercial | Open Source BSD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | yes | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) Database as a Service Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed. | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Implementation language | C++ | C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Windows Not a real database server, but making use of DLLs | hosted | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | yes | schema-free | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes | yes | yes JSON types | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes | yes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | no | yes but not compliant to any SQL standard | SQL-like query language | yes standard with numerous extensions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | Android iOS JavaScript API RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET DAO ODBC OLE DB | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | Java JavaScript Objective-C | C C# C++ Delphi Java (JDBC-ODBC) VBA Visual Basic.NET | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | limited functionality with using 'rules' | yes since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine | JavaScript | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | Callbacks are triggered when data changes | yes since Access 2010 using the ACE-engine | JavaScript | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | none | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | none | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | no | no | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | no | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Eventual Consistency if the client is offline Immediate Consistency if the client is online | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Immediate Consistency | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | yes | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | yes | ACID but no files for transaction logging | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | ACID | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes but no files for transaction logging | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | yes, based on authentication and database rules | no a simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003 | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 3rd parties | CData: Connect to Big Data & NoSQL through standard Drivers. » more | Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
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| Firebase Realtime Database | Microsoft Access | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | PostgreSQL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DB-Engines blog posts | Cloud-based DBMS's popularity grows at high rates | MS Access drops in DB-Engines Ranking Microsoft SQL Server regained rank 2 in the DB-Engines popularity ranking New DB-Engines Ranking shows the popularity of database management systems | PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023 Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021 Monitoring PostgreSQL with Redgate Monitor Realtime vs Cloud Firestore: Which Firebase Database to go? Atos cybersecurity blog: Misconfigured Firebase: A real-time cyber threat Don't be like these 900+ websites and expose millions of passwords via Firebase Google Firebase may have exposed 125M records from misconfigurations Hundreds of Google Firebase websites might have leaked data online provided by Google News Abusing Microsoft Access "Linked Table" Feature to Perform NTLM Forced Authentication Attacks MS access program to increase awareness and independence of those living with MS and disability Hackers Exploit Microsoft Access Feature to Steal Windows User’s NTLM Tokens After installing Navisworks, Office 2016 (32-bit) applications stopped launching ACCDE File (What It Is and How to Open One) provided by Google News General availability: Microsoft Entra ID integration with Azure Cosmos DB for PostgreSQL | Azure updates Azure Synapse Link for Cosmos DB: New Analytics Capabilities Azure Cosmos DB Conf 2023 | Microsoft Learn Azure Cosmos DB joins the AI toolchain How to Migrate Azure Cosmos DB Databases | by Arwin Lashawn provided by Google News Handle tables without primary keys while creating Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL zero-ETL integrations with Amazon ... pgEdge Distributed PostgreSQL Introduces Automatic DDL Replication and Snowflake Sequences for Postgres Breaking Boundaries: PostgreSQL 16 is now available on IBM Cloud Introducing OCI Database with PostgreSQL: Completing Our Cloud Database Suite for Every Need Oracle Introduces PostgreSQL Running Native on OCI provided by Google News | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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