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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. NuoDB vs. RRDtool

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. NuoDB vs. RRDtool

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score15.00
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score2.89
Rank#105  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Score0.99
Rank#195  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#124  Overall
#10  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasecloud.google.com/­spannerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databaseoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasecloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdoc.nuodb.comoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­doc
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014GoogleDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.Tobias Oetiker
Initial release20132012201720131999
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.8.0, 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSS
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# available
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesNumeric data only
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possible
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
JavaScript
Objective-C
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducelimited functionality with using 'rules'noJava, SQLno
TriggersnoCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingdata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtennone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDBnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infotunable commit protocolno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoMVCCyes infoby using the rrdcached daemon
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoTemporary tableyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyes, based on authentication and database rulesAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaFirebase Realtime DatabaseGoogle Cloud SpannerNuoDBRRDtool
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